|
Braddock is a borough located in the eastern suburbs of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 10 miles (16 km) upstream from the mouth of the Monongahela River. The population was 2,159 at the 2010 census. The borough is represented by the Pennsylvania State Senate's 45th district, the Pennsylvania House of Representative's 34th district, and Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives. ==History== The town is named for General Edward Braddock (1695–1755). The Braddock Expedition, particularly his crossing of the Monongahela River on July 9, 1755 at this place, led to the British general's own fatal wounding and a sound defeat of his troops who had been moving against the French at Fort Duquesne. This battle, now called the Battle of the Monongahela, was a key beginning in the French and Indian War. The area surrounding Braddock's Field was originally inhabited by the Lenape, ruled by Queen Allequippa.〔 In 1742, John Fraser (frontiersman) and his family established the area at the mouth of Turtle Creek as the first permanent settlement west of the Allegheny Mountains.〔 George Washington visited the area in 1753-1754. It was the site of Braddock's Defeat on July 9, 1755. Braddock's first industrial facility, a barrel plant, opened in 1850.〔 The borough was incorporated on June 8, 1867.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Allegheny County - 2nd Class )〕 The town's industrial economy began in 1873, when Andrew Carnegie built the Edgar Thomson Steel Works on the historic site of Braddock's Field in what is now North Braddock, Pennsylvania. This was one of the first steel mills using the Bessemer process in America. As of 2010, it continues operation as a part of the United States Steel Corporation. This era of the town's history is best known from the novel ''Out of This Furnace'' by Thomas Bell. Braddock is also the location of the first of Andrew Carnegie's 1,679 (some sources list 1,689) public libraries in the US, designed by William Halsey Wood of Newark, NJ, and dedicated on March 30, 1889. The Braddock Library included a tunnel entrance for Carnegie's millworkers to enter the bathhouse in the basement to clean up before entering the facilities (which originally included billiard tables). An addition in 1893, by Longfellow, Alden and Harlow (Boston & Pittsburgh, successors to H.H. Richardson), added a swimming pool, indoor basketball court, and 964-seat Music Hall that included a Votey pipe organ. The building was rescued from demolition in 1978 by the Braddock's Field Historical Society and is still in use as a public library. The bathhouse has recently been converted to a pottery studio; the Music Hall is currently under restoration. During the early 1900s many immigrants settled in Braddock, primarily from Croatia, Slovenia, and Hungary. Braddock lost its importance with the collapse of the steel industry in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s. This coincided with the crack cocaine epidemic of the early 1980s, and the combination of the two woes nearly destroyed the community. In 1988, Braddock was designated a financially distressed municipality. The entire water distribution system was rebuilt in 1990-1991 at a cost of $4.7 million resulting in a fine system where only 5% of piped water is deemed "unaccounted-for.". From its peak in the 1920s, Braddock has since lost 90% of its population.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Braddock, Pennsylvania )〕 Since 2005, colorful mayor John Fetterman has launched a campaign to attract new residents to the area from the artistic and creative communities.〔 He has also initiated various revitalization efforts, including the nonprofit organization Braddock Redux.〔(BraddockRedux.org ), accessdate September 4, 2009〕 Fetterman has appeared in various media, including PBS,〔(Profile of Fetterman and Braddock ) on the show NOW on PBS〕 ''The Colbert Report'' on Comedy Central,〔(http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/fetterman-v-colbert )〕 CNN, Fox News, and CNBC, and in ''The New York Times'' that center on his vision of Braddock's needs. In the UK, ''The Guardian'' and the BBC have reported on him.〔(BBC.co.uk ): US mayor strikes unconventional note〕 He has also had his own episode on Hulu's original series ''A Day in the Life''. Since 1974, Braddock resident Tony Buba has made many films centering on Braddock and its industrial decline, including ''Struggles in Steel.''〔http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0117780/〕 In September 2010, the IFC and Sundance television channels showed the film ''Ready to Work: Portraits of Braddock'' produced by Levi Strauss corporation. This film interviews many of the local residents and shows their efforts to revitalize the town.〔(Braddock Film Gets Additional Airing ), WDUQ News〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Braddock, Pennsylvania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|